EU AI Act (Annex III, high-risk classification)

The EU AI Act is the European Union’s comprehensive AI regulation, and Annex III is the section that lists specific AI use cases classified as "high-risk," which triggers binding obligations around risk management, human oversight, logging, and robustness. Annex III explicitly includes "AI systems intended to be used as safety components in the management and operation of critical digital infrastructure, road traffic, or in the supply of water, gas, heating or electricity," meaning AI used in these critical-infrastructure safety roles is directly and explicitly regulated under the Act, not just implicitly covered.